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involuntary treatment
Involuntary treatment (also referred to by proponents as assisted treatment and by critics as forced drugging) refers to medical treatment undertaken without a person's consent. In almost all circumstances, involuntary treatment refers to psychiatric treatment administered despite an individual's objections. These are typically individuals who have been diagnosed with a mental illness and are deemed by a court to be a danger to themselves or others.
==United States==
In 1975, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in ''O'Connor v. Donaldson'' that involuntary hospitalization and/or treatment violates an individual's civil rights. The individual must be exhibiting behavior that is a danger to themselves or others and a court order must be received for more than a short (E.g. 72 hour) detention. The treatment must take place in the least restrictive setting possible. This ruling has severely limited involuntary treatment and hospitalization in the United States. The statutes vary somewhat from state to state.
In 1979, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit established in ''Rogers v. Okin'' that a competent patient committed to a psychiatric hospital has the right to refuse treatment in non-emergency situations. The case of ''Rennie v. Klein'' established that an involuntarily committed individual has a constitutional right to refuse psychotropic medication without a court order. ''Rogers v. Okin'' established the patient's right to make treatment decisions.
Additional U.S. Supreme Court decisions have added more restraints to involuntary commitment and treatment. ''Foucha v. Louisiana'' established the unconstitutionality of the continued commitment of an insanity acquittee who was not suffering from a mental illness. In ''Jackson v. Indiana'' the court ruled that a person adjudicated incompetent could not be indefinitely committed. In ''Perry v. Louisiana'' the court struck down the forcible medication of a prisoner for the purposes of rendering him competent to be executed. In ''Riggins v. Nevada'' the court ruled that a defendant had the right to refuse psychiatric medication while he was on trial, given to mitigate his psychiatric symptoms. ''Sell v. United States'' imposed stringent limits on the right of a lower court to order the forcible administration of antipsychotic medication to a criminal defendant who had been determined to be incompetent to stand trial for the sole purpose of making them competent and able to be tried. In ''Washington v. Harper'' the Supreme Court upheld the involuntary medication of correctional facility inmates only under certain conditions as determined by established policy and procedures.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Washington et al., Petitioners v. Walter Harper )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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